1. Quasi-passive Verb: Quasi শব্দের অর্থ half বা অর্ধেক। অর্থাৎ Half-passive = Quasi-passive. অতএব বলা যায়, যেসব Verb Half passive-এর অর্থ প্রকাশ করে তাকে Quasi-passive verb বলে। এদের Passive করতে হলে নিম্নলিখিত নিয়ম অনুসরণ করতে হবে:
১ নম্বর সূত্র: Sub + Be verb + Complement + When (if) + It/they +Be verb + Verb-এর Past participle.
২ নম্বর সূত্র: Subject + Be verb + Verb-এর Past participle + Complement.
Active : Honey tastes sweet.
Passive : Honey is sweet when it is tasted.
(১ নম্বর সূত্র)
Honey is tasted sweet. (২ নম্বর সূত্র)
Active : The bed feels soft.
Passive : The bed is soft when it is felt
The bed is felt soft.
Active : This story reads funny.
Passive : This story is funny when it is read.
This story is read funny.
2. Reflexive Verb:
যে verb-এর Subject এবং Object একই ব্যক্তি তাকে Reflexive verb বলে এবং Object-টিকে Reflexive object বলে। একে Subject করা যায় না। একে by-এর পরেই রেখে দিতে হয়। যেমন—
Active : He hurt himself.
Passive : He was hurt by himself.
Active : She killed herself.
Passive : She was killed by herself.
Active : He poisoned himself.
Passive : He was poisoned by himself.
3. Factitive Object: যেসব Object ক্ষণস্থায়ী অর্থাৎ মানুষের মতামতের ওপর যাদের স্থায়িত্ব নির্ভর করে সেসব Object-কে Factitive object বলে। এদের স্থায়িত্ব স্বল্প বিধায় এদেরকে বাক্যের Subject করা যায় না। তাই এদের পূর্ববর্তী Object-কে Subject করে Passive voice করতে হয়। যেমন—
Active : We made him captain .
Passive : He was made captain by us.
= Captain was made him by us হবে না।
Active : We call him a fool.
Passive : He is called a fool by us.
= A fool is called him by us হবে না।
Sample Questions
1. Change the following Active Voice into Passive:
(a) We made him captain.
(b) Always speak the truth.
(c) Do not open the door.
(d) Have you read the book?
(e) He will teach us English.
(f) Who has broken the plate?
(g) The book is printing.
(h) Nobody knows him here.
(i) Whom do you call?
Answer:
(a) He was made captain by us.
(b) Let the truth be always spoken.
(c) Let not the door be opened.
(d) Has the book been read by you?
(e) English will be taught us by him. (or)
We shall be taught English by him.
(f) By whom has the plate been broken?
(g) The book is being printed.
(h) He is not known here
(i) Who is called by?
2. Change the following Passive Voice into Active:
(a) My watch was stolen.
(b) Let a letter be written y me.
(c) Rice is sold in the market.
(d) By whom will the bill be paid?
(e) His brother was hurt by him.
(f) English is spoken all over the world.
(g) The book was placed on the table.
(h) I am surprised at his conduct.
(i) Rome was not built in a day.
(j) He is well known to me.
Answer:
(a) Some one stole my watch.
(b) Let me write a letter.
(c) Rice sells in the market.
(d) Who will pay the bill?
(e) He hurt his brother.
(f) People speak English all over the world.
(g) Someone placed the book on the table.
(h) His conduct surprises me.
(i) The Romans did not build Rome in a day.
(j) I know him well.
1. Change the following Active Voice into Passive:
(a) We made him captain.
(b) Always speak the truth.
(c) Do not open the door.
(d) Have you read the book?
(e) He will teach us English.
(f) Who has broken the plate?
(g) The book is printing.
(h) Nobody knows him here.
(i) Whom do you call?
Answer:
(a) He was made captain by us.
(b) Let the truth be always spoken.
(c) Let not the door be opened.
(d) Has the book been read by you?
(e) English will be taught us by him. (or)
We shall be taught English by him.
(f) By whom has the plate been broken?
(g) The book is being printed.
(h) He is not known here
(i) Who is called by?
2. Change the following Passive Voice into Active:
(a) My watch was stolen.
(b) Let a letter be written y me.
(c) Rice is sold in the market.
(d) By whom will the bill be paid?
(e) His brother was hurt by him.
(f) English is spoken all over the world.
(g) The book was placed on the table.
(h) I am surprised at his conduct.
(i) Rome was not built in a day.
(j) He is well known to me.
Answer:
(a) Some one stole my watch.
(b) Let me write a letter.
(c) Rice sells in the market.
(d) Who will pay the bill?
(e) He hurt his brother.
(f) People speak English all over the world.
(g) Someone placed the book on the table.
(h) His conduct surprises me.
(i) The Romans did not build Rome in a day.
(j) I know him well.
1. He was promised all help by us.
We promised him all help.
2. May God bless you with success!
May you be blessed with success by God.
3. The strike has been called off.
They have called of the strike.
(Note: You can use workers, labourers, protesters, etc in place of ‘they’)
4. No one can understand him so soon.
He cannot be understood so soon.
5. They will not agree to this proposal.
This proposal will not be agreed to.
6. The rose smells sweet.
When rose smells sweet.
7. It is time to close the shop[s.
the shops should be closed by now.
It is the time for the shops to be closed.
8. The teacher is calling the roll.
The roll is being called by the teacher.
9. What cannot be cured must be endured.
We must endure what we cannot cure.
One must endure what one cannot cure.
10. God helps those who help themselves.
Those who help themselves are helped by God.
11. I will not answer any question now.
No questions will be answered now by me.
12. She has to do cooking and washing for me.
The cooking and washing have (has) to be done for me by her.
13. A rolling stone gathers no mass.
It is said that a rolling stone gathers no mass.
14. The way to heaven is paved with good deeds.
It is believed that the way to heaven is paved with good deeds.
15. Trust in God and do the right.
God should be trusted in and the right should be done.
16. Nip the evil in the bud.
It is said that evil should be nipped in the bud.
17. A stitch in time saves nine.
It is said that a stitch in time saves nine.
18. Those living in glass house must not throw stones at others.
Stones must not be thrown at others by those living in glass houses.
19. I was shocked at the sad news.
The sad news shocked me.
20. The court proclaimed him an offender.
He was proclaimed an offender by the court